I would start at the beginning and try to identify the chipset of the wireless adapter. If it is using the PCI bus, this may show it...
If it is using the Universal Serial Bus, this may reveal the PCI-ID number which may be helpful regarding a driver for it...
From that information, you probably can find out what driver or firmware or both that it needs. It that is already installed, then confirm the driver is being loaded...
If it is, then start looking for things that could be disabling the wireless device such as a BIOS setting, a physical on-off switch, a software switch, or
rfkill.